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15 May 2003

Volume 93, Issue 10, pp. 5855-8792

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Biological applications of multifunctional magnetic nanowires (invited)

D. H. Reich, M. Tanase, A. Hultgren, L. A. Bauer, C. S. Chen, and G. J. Meyer

J. Appl. Phys. 93, 7275 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1558672 (6 pages) | Cited 81 times

Online Publication Date: 9 May 2003

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Magnetic particles that can be bound to cells and biomolecules have become an important tool for the application of force in biology and biotechnology. Multifunctional magnetic nanowires fabricated by electrochemical deposition in nanoporous templates are a type of magnetic carrier that offers significant potential advantages over commercially available magnetic particles. Recent experimental work aimed at developing these wires for this purpose is reviewed. Results on chemical functionalization of Au and Au/Ni wires and magnetic manipulation of wires in suspension are described. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate the covalent binding of thiol-terminated porphyrins to Au nanowires, and to optimize functionalization of two-segment gold–nickel nanowires for selectivity and stability of the nanowire–molecule linkages. Magnetic trapping is a technique where single nanowires are captured from fluid suspension using lithographically patterned micromagnets. The influence of an external magnetic field on this process is described. The dynamics of magnetic trapping is shown to be well described by a model based on the interplay of dipolar forces and viscous drag. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
Show PACS
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
87.85.Qr Nanotechnologies-design
87.85.Rs Nanotechnologies-applications
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
81.15.Pq Electrodeposition, electroplating
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
82.45.Qr Electrodeposition and electrodissolution
87.64.K- Spectroscopy
87.15.-v Biomolecules: structure and physical properties
87.16.-b Subcellular structure and processes
87.17.-d Cell processes

Biodetection using magnetically labeled biomolecules and arrays of spin valve sensors (invited)

H. A. Ferreira, D. L. Graham, P. P. Freitas, and J. M. S. Cabral

J. Appl. Phys. 93, 7281 (2003); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1544449 (6 pages) | Cited 72 times

Online Publication Date: 9 May 2003

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On-chip spin-valve sensors (2×6 μm2) were used to detect the binding of streptavidin-functionalized superparamagnetic labels to sensor surface-bound biotin. Both micron-sized and nanometer-sized labels were studied. The detection of biomolecular recognition was demonstrated using 2 μm Micromer®-M and 250 nm Nanomag®-D labels, with signals ranging from ∼300 μV to ∼2 mV (8 mA sense current; ∼15 Oe in-plane magnetizing fields). For smaller labels, detection of biomolecular recognition was not achieved. The capability of detecting single labels was demonstrated for label moments down to 2×10−12 emu (2 μm labels), corresponding to signals of 100–400 μV. Although, theoretical calculations suggest that the minimum measurable moment is in the order of 6×10−15 emu, due to noise limitations of the present setup, this limit is in the order of 2×10−13 emu, corresponding to a single 250 nm label. On-chip tapered aluminum current line structures were used for placement of magnetic labels at sensor sites. © 2003 American Institute of Physics.
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87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
85.75.Ss Magnetic field sensors using spin polarized transport
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