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21 Feb 2013

Volume 113, Issue 7, Articles (07xxxx)

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J. Appl. Phys. 113, 073506 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790173 (6 pages)

Uwe Kaiser, Sebastian Gies, Sebastian Geburt, Franziska Riedel, Carsten Ronning, and Wolfram Heimbrodt
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back to top Lasers, Optics, and Optoelectronics

A strategy for calibrating the actual quantum efficiency of quantum cutting in YVO4:Bi3+(Nd3+), Yb3+

Sai Xu, Wen Xu, Yongsheng Zhu, Biao Dong, Xue Bai, Lin Xu, and Hongwei Song

J. Appl. Phys. 113, 073101 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792128 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 February 2013

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Recently, much attention has been paid to the quantum cutting (QC) through the energy transfer (ET) between Yb3+ and other RE ions and the theoretical quantum efficiency (QE) of QC was reported as high as 140%–195%. However, the practical measurement was rather rare. In this paper, we studied the ET and QC properties of YVO4: Bi3+ (5%)/Nd3+ (1%), Yb3+ (0%–20%) synthesized by the solvothermal method. And more, a strategy for calibrating the actual QE of QC was established. Through measurement, the highest QE of QC was determined to be 12.3% for YVO4: Bi3+,Yb3+, and 25.8% for YVO4: Nd3+,Yb3+, which was much lower than the prediction by luminescent dynamics. This work helps us to forecast the feasibility of potential application in enhancing the efficiency of Si-based solar cell via the Bi3+/RE3+ codoped with Yb3+ phosphors.
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81.10.Dn Growth from solutions
78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials
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Toward surface plasmon polariton quantum-state tomography

D. Dominguez, C. J. Regan, A. A. Bernussi, and L. Grave de Peralta

J. Appl. Phys. 113, 073102 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792305 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 February 2013

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We report the direct excitation and detection of single-photon surface plasmon polariton (SPP) using a SPP tomography arrangement. Temporally spaced photons produced by spontaneous parametric downconversion were used to excite single-photon SPPs. The quantum statistics of the leakage radiation was studied using a Hanbury-Brown & Twiss correlator arrangement. We observed a violation of the second order coherence test indicating leakage of temporally spaced photons. This demonstrates that leakage radiation associated with SPPs excited by single photons is composed of temporally spaced photons. Reaching the quantum regime of SPP tomography opens the door for further advances in SPP quantum state determination using SPP tomography.
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73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
03.65.Yz Decoherence; open systems; quantum statistical methods
05.30.-d Quantum statistical mechanics
63.20.-e Phonons in crystal lattices

Tuning of refractive index of poly(vinyl alcohol): Effect of embedding Cu and Ag nanoparticles

Suman Mahendia, Anil Kumar Tomar, Parveen K. Goyal, and Shyam Kumar

J. Appl. Phys. 113, 073103 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792473 (7 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 20 February 2013

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In this article, we have reported the results of our measurements, related to the tuning of the refractive index of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer on embedding Cu and Ag nanoparticles at different concentrations. The size distribution and dispersion behaviour of embedded nanoparticles within PVA have been studied through transmission electron microscopy. A systematic increase in refractive index of PVA on increasing the concentration of embedded nanoparticles has been observed. These results have been tried to be explained using Bhar and Pinto model based on the Lorimar's theory for polymer composites. The values of refractive index of these nanocomposites have also been calculated using the Lorentz-Lorenz effective medium theory and found to be in close agreement with the experimental data. Nanoparticles embedded induced modifications in the structure of PVA have been revealed through FTIR spectroscopy.
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78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
78.30.-j Infrared and Raman spectra

Comparison of light scattering in solar cells modeled by rigorous and scalar approach

M. Ermes, K. Bittkau, and R. Carius

J. Appl. Phys. 113, 073104 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790360 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 20 February 2013

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We investigate and compare two very different approaches for obtaining light scattering properties at a rough interface with a focus on applications in silicon based thin-film solar cells. The scattering properties of a rigorous solving of Maxwell's equations and a recently developed model by Dominé et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 107, 044505 (2010)] based on a scalar approach are compared. The former yields extensive information and is very versatile, but needs much computation time. The latter is only applicable for single textures between two half-spaces and yields only scattering properties of said textures, but is extremely fast. The applicability and limitations of the scalar approach are examined. The results show that a combination of both can improve and accelerate simulation and development of new devices.
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88.40.H- Solar cells (photovoltaics)

Spectroscopic properties and quantum cutting in Tb3+–Yb3+ co-doped ZrO2 nanocrystals

I. A. A. Terra, L. J. Borrero-González, J. M. Carvalho, M. C. Terrile, M. C. F. C. Felinto, H. F. Brito, and L. A. O. Nunes

J. Appl. Phys. 113, 073105 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792743 (6 pages)

Online Publication Date: 21 February 2013

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Ultraviolet-visible to near-infrared quantum cutting (QC) materials are a promising tool to enhance the efficiency of conventional crystalline silicon solar cells. The spectroscopic properties of Tb3+–Yb3+ co-doped ZrO2 nanocrystals are presented, and the QC mechanisms in these nanocrystals are investigated. The materials were fabricated using the sol gel method and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray absorption near edge structure, and luminescence spectroscopy. The incorporation of Yb3+ ions into the host induced a crystalline phase change of ZrO2 from monoclinic to tetragonal to cubic symmetry and influenced the Tb valence state. The Tb3+ visible emission, excitation intensity (monitored by the Tb3+:5D4 emission), decay time of the Tb3+:5D4 emitter level, and down-conversion (DC) emission intensity increased with Yb3+ concentration. Furthermore, a sublinear dependence of the DC intensity on the excitation power at the Tb3+:5D4 level indicated the coexistence of two different QC mechanisms from Tb3+ → Yb3+. The first one is a linear process in which one Tb3+ ion transfers its energy simultaneously to two Yb3+ ions, known as cooperative energy transfer, and the second one is a non-linear process involving an intermediated virtual level in the Tb3+ ion.
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78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials
78.70.Dm X-ray absorption spectra
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
61.46.Hk Nanocrystals

Silver nano-entities through ultrafast double ablation in aqueous media for surface enhanced Raman scattering and photonics applications

G. Krishna Podagatlapalli, Syed Hamad, Surya P. Tewari, S. Sreedhar, Muvva D. Prasad, and S. Venugopal Rao

J. Appl. Phys. 113, 073106 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792483 (14 pages)

Online Publication Date: 21 February 2013

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We have fabricated stable silver nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures (NSs) effectively through double ablation of bulk silver substrate immersed in double distilled water using ∼2 ps laser pulses. The effects of multiple/double/single ablation on silver substrates via surface morphology studies along with average size distribution of Ag NPs were investigated. Prepared Ag NPs in solution exhibited yellow color with an absorption peak near 410 nm, assigned to localized surface Plasmon resonance of nano-sized silver. Depending on the ablation parameters average sizes observed were ∼13 nm/∼17 nm in multiple/double ablation case and ∼7 nm in single ablation case. High resolution transmission electron microscope studies highlighted that most of the Ag NPs were spherical and polycrystalline in nature. Surface morphology of the substrates was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. A different scenario was observed in the double ablation case compared to single/multiple ablation case. Double ablation resulted in dome like NSs on the substrate with dimensions of few hundreds of nanometers while single ablation did not. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of Ag NPs were investigated using Z-scan technique with ∼2 ps pulses and corresponding NLO coefficients were obtained. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies on multiple/double ablated Ag substrates with adsorbed Rhodamine 6G molecules were carried out using excitation wavelengths of 532 nm, 785 nm, and three orders of enhancement in Raman signal intensity was observed. Furthermore, influence of laser fluence on the fabrication of SERS active Ag substrates with double ablation was also investigated. In this case, Raman spectra of adsorbed Research Department eXplosive (RDX) molecules on ablated surfaces were recorded for 532 nm and 785 nm excitation. Enhancements up to 460 were observed from substrates fabricated at fluences of 12 J/cm2, 16 J/cm2 with excitation wavelengths of 532 nm and 785 nm, respectively.
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81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
78.47.J- Ultrafast spectroscopy (<1 psec)
79.20.Eb Laser ablation
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
78.30.Er Solid metals and alloys
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