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Journal of Applied Physics / Volume 111 / Issue 7 / PROCEEDINGS OF THE 56TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS / Magneto-Optic, Magnetoelastic, and Magnetocaloric Materials

J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07A907 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3670067 (3 pages)

Behavior of magnetic field–annealed Galfenol steel

Michael Brooks1, Eric Summers1, J. B. Restorff2, and M. Wun-Fogle2

1 ETREMA Products, Inc., Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
2 Naval Surface Warfare Center – Carderock Division, West Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA

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(Received 21 September 2011; accepted 7 October 2011; published online 7 February 2012)

An attractive feature of the Galfenol alloy system is the ability to impart enough uniaxial anisotropy into the alloy such that no pre-load mechanism is required to attain saturation magnetostriction. Stress annealing is typically employed to generate this anisotropy. Recent published results indicate that magnetic field annealing could generate sufficient anisotropy to provide full magnetostriction with no prestress, which will suffice for the majority of applications. The magnetic field annealing apparatus used in these experiments applies a constant 1 T magnetic field at a temperature between 300 °C and 700 °C in a 7.6 cm square × 15.2-cm-long cavity. The magnetic behavior of field-annealed Galfenol is compared to stress-annealed samples. Field-annealed Galfenol rods behave differently than stress-annealed rods. While the saturation strain values are equivalent, the magnetic field required to saturate the Galfenol is much less, 60 Oe versus 200 Oe, in the field-annealed state. This behavior is also exhibited in the flux density versus field. Both curves have a significant impact on device design. The type (mechanical or magnetic) and magnitude of stored energy largely determines the optimum magnetic bias point and impacts operational efficiency.

© 2012 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. EXPERIMENT
  3. RESULTS
  4. DISCUSSION

KEYWORDS, PACS, and IPC

Keywords

gallium alloys, internal stresses, iron alloys, magnetic anisotropy, magnetic annealing, magnetostriction

PACS

  • 75.80.+q

    Magnetomechanical effects, magnetostriction

  • 75.60.Nt

    Magnetic annealing and temperature-hysteresis effects

  • 75.30.Gw

    Magnetic anisotropy

International Patent Classification (IPC)

  • C22C38/00

    Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys

  • C21D1/04

    With simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3670067

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0021-8979 (print)  
1089-7550 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
    E. Summers, R. Meloy, and J. B. Restorff, J. App. Phys. 106, 024914 (2009)JAPIAU000106000002024914000001.

    J. H. Yoo, J. B. Restorff, M. Wun-Fogle, and A. B. Flatau, J. App. Phys. 103, 07B325 (2008)JAPIAU00010300000707B325000001.


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