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Journal of Applied Physics / Volume 108 / Issue 7 / APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS

J. Appl. Phys. 108, 071301 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3460809 (38 pages)

Two-dimensional carbon nanostructures: Fundamental properties, synthesis, characterization, and potential applications

Y. H. Wu1, T. Yu2, and Z. X. Shen2

1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
2Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Block 5, Level 3, Singapore 637616

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(Received 4 July 2009; accepted 14 June 2010; published online 13 October 2010)

Since its discovery in less than five years ago, graphene has become one of the hottest frontiers in materials science and condensed matter physics, as evidenced by the exponential increase in number of publications in this field. Several reviews have already been published on this topic, focusing on single and multilayer graphene sheets. Here, we review the recent progresses in this field by extending the scope to various types of two-dimensional carbon nanostructures including graphene and free-standing carbon nanowalls/nanosheets. After a brief overview of the electronic properties of graphene, we focus on the synthesis, characterization and potential applications of these carbon nanostructures.

© 2010 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. BAND STRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE
    1. Low-energy electronic spectrum
    2. Effect of a perpendicular magnetic field
    3. Electrostatic confinement and tunneling
  3. ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE
    1. Weak (weak-anti) localization
    2. Electrical conductivity and mobility of graphene
  4. SYNTHESIS OF 2D CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES
    1. Exfoliation
      1. Mechanical exfoliation
      2. Chemical exfoliation
    2. Graphene on metal surface
    3. Graphene on SiC
    4. Synthesis of free-standing 2D carbon
    5. Fabrication of GNRs
  5. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE AND 2D CARBON
    1. TEM
      1. Thickness determination
      2. Observation of ripples
      3. Observation of atomic images
      4. Edges and their dynamics
      5. Multiple layers
      6. Patterning of graphene
    2. STM
      1. Superstructures of epitaxial graphene
      2. Scattered electron waves
      3. STS measurement of band gaps
      4. Topographic corrugations and charge puddles
      5. Landau energy levels
      6. Electron–phonon interaction
  6. RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY/IMAGING STUDY ON GRAPHENE
    1. Thickness determination of graphene layers using Raman spectroscopy
    2. Raman study on strain effect
    3. Raman study on the doping effect
    4. Raman study on misoriented bilayer graphene
    5. Raman study of the crystallographic orientation of graphene
  7. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF 2D CARBON
    1. Electronic devices
    2. Transparent conductive films
    3. Mechanical devices
    4. Chemical sensors
    5. Spintronic devices
  8. SUMMARY

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

graphene, nanofabrication, nanostructured materials

PACS

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3460809

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0021-8979 (print)  
1089-7550 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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