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Journal of Applied Physics / Volume 108 / Issue 4 / SPECIAL TOPIC: INVITED PAPERS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND NANOSCALE PHENOMENA IN POLAR MATERIALS, AVEIRO, PORTUGAL, 2009

J. Appl. Phys. 108, 042006 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3474961 (11 pages)

Real space mapping of polarization dynamics and hysteresis loop formation in relaxor-ferroelectric PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–PbTiO3 solid solutions

B. J. Rodriguez1, S. Jesse2, A. N. Morozovska3, S. V. Svechnikov3, D. A. Kiselev4, A. L. Kholkin4, A. A. Bokov5, Z.-G. Ye5, and S. V. Kalinin2

1University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
2Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
3V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 41, Prospect Nauki, 03028 Kiev, Ukraine
4Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering and CICECO, University of Aveiro3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
5Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada

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(Received 11 October 2009; accepted 5 May 2010; published online 31 August 2010)

Polarization switching in ergodic relaxor and ferroelectric phases in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) system is studied using piezoresponse force microscopy, single point electromechanical relaxation measurements, and voltage spectroscopy mapping. The dependence of relaxation behavior on voltage pulse amplitude and time is found to follow a universal logarithmic behavior with a nearly constant slope. This behavior is indicative of the progressive population of slow relaxation states, as opposed to a linear relaxation in the presence of a broad relaxation time distribution. The role of relaxation behavior, ferroelectric nonlinearity, and the spatial inhomogeneity of the tip field on hysteresis loop behavior is analyzed in detail. The hysteresis loops for ergodic PMN-10%PT are shown to be kinetically limited, while in PMN with larger PT content, true ferroelectric hysteresis loops with low nucleation biases are observed.

© 2010 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
    1. Materials
    2. PFM imaging and spectroscopy
  3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    1. Static domain PFM imaging
    2. Relaxation dynamics
    3. Theoretical description of relaxation behavior
      1. Spatial dispersion in PFM experiment
      2. Intrinsic relaxation behavior
        1. Nonlinear relaxation with single relaxation time.
        2. Linear relaxation with relaxation time spectrum.
    4. PFS
      1. Voltage versus time spectroscopy
      2. SS-PFM
      3. Stability gap mapping
  4. SUMMARY

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

dielectric hysteresis, dielectric relaxation, electromechanical effects, ferroelectric switching, lead compounds, relaxor ferroelectrics, solid solutions

PACS

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3474961

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0021-8979 (print)  
1089-7550 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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