Organic light emitting diodes using NaCl:N,N′-bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine composite as a hole injection buffer layer

Kim, Jeongho; Kim, Myungseop; Won Kim, Jeong; Yi, Yeonjin; Kang, Heon

doi:doi:10.1063/1.3509150

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Cosubstitution effect on the magnetic, transport, and thermoelectric properties of the electron-doped perovskite manganite CaMnO₃

We have investigated magnetic, transport, and thermoelecric properties of polycrystalline Ca1−xSrxMn1−yMoyO3, and have tried to optimize the n-type thermoelectric response below room temperature. The Sr substitution enlarges a Mn–O–Mn bond angle and increases a crystal symmetry, which enhances one electron transfer of the electrons doped by the Mo substitution. This effect promotes the competition between correlations of a G-type antiferromagnetic (AF) order and a C-type AF order accompanying a...

Sequential tunneling transport characteristics of GaN/AlGaN coupled-quantum-well structures

Vertical electronic transport in periodic GaN/AlGaN multiple-quantum-well structures grown on free-standing GaN substrates is investigated. Highly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics are measured, displaying a clear transition from a high-resistance state near zero applied bias to a low-resistance state as the voltage is increased. The measurement results, including their temperature dependence and the variations in turn-on voltage with subband structure and bias polarity are in full agre...

Composite buffer layers of N,N′-bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB) and NaCl at the anode/organic interface were found to be very effective on the hole injection enhancement from an indium tin oxide anode to the hole-transport layer (HTL) of NPB. Two maxima of significant current injection with respect to compositional variation were observed, implying multiple injection mechanisms of the tunneling effect and other interfacial effects. From a longer operation lifetime, the enhanced device stability was also confirmed as compared with a standard device with copper phthalocyanine as the hole injection layer. Those results are partly attributed to the better mechanical contact between anode and HTL via the composite buffer, observed from atomic force microscopy measurement.

Article Outline

INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENT
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

anodes, atomic force microscopy, buffer layers, composite materials, indium compounds, mechanical contact, organic light emitting diodes, organic semiconductors, sodium compounds, tin compounds, tunnelling

PACS

85.60.Jb

Light-emitting devices

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3509150

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0021-8979 (print)

1089-7550 (online)

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American Institute of Physics

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