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15 Nov 2007

Volume 102, Issue 10, Articles (10xxxx)

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Investigation of the roundtrip cavity loss in laser diode pumped erbium:ytterbium-phosphate glass microchip lasers

Shujing Liu, Feng Song, Hong Cai, Teng Li, Xin Zhang, Zhaohui Wu, and Jianguo Tian

J. Appl. Phys. 102, 103101 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2805642 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 16 November 2007

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We present a method for determination of the roundtrip cavity loss in the laser diode pumped erbium:ytterbium-codoped phosphate glass microchip laser. Slope efficiency and laser threshold were measured in the experiment and their dependencies on roundtrip cavity loss were derived through rate equations. According to the energy levels, cumulative upconversion and cooperative upconversion are taken into consideration to ensure the accuracy of the derivation. Roundtrip cavity losses in different cavity configurations were investigated.
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42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers

Ghost imaging in Fourier space

Honglin Liu, Jing Cheng, and Shensheng Han

J. Appl. Phys. 102, 103102 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2812597 (4 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 20 November 2007

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In experimentation we first find that a ghost diffraction image exists even when the coherent length on the object plane is larger than the character size of the object, and we explain the phenomenon in Fourier space. The analysis indicates that the resolution of the far-field diffraction image is determined by the coherent length on the back-focus plane, and the distribution of the wave vector of the illumination on the object determines the range of information of a pixel detector collecting in the signal arm.
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42.50.Dv Quantum state engineering and measurements
03.65.Ud Entanglement and quantum nonlocality (e.g. EPR paradox, Bell's inequalities, GHZ states, etc.)

Strong tip effects in near-field scanning optical tomography

Jin Sun, P. Scott Carney, and John C. Schotland

J. Appl. Phys. 102, 103103 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2812545 (9 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 21 November 2007

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A model for the interaction of the scanning probe in near-field scanning optical microscopy is presented. Multiple scattering of the illuminating field with the probe is taken into account. The implications of this so-called strong tip model for the solution of the associated inverse scattering problem are studied through simulations.
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07.79.Fc Near-field scanning optical microscopes

Iodine enhanced focused-ion-beam etching of silicon for photonic applications

Jonathan Schrauwen, Dries Van Thourhout, and Roel Baets

J. Appl. Phys. 102, 103104 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2815664 (7 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 26 November 2007

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Focused-ion-beam etching of silicon enables fast and versatile fabrication of micro- and nanophotonic devices. However, large optical losses due to crystal damage and ion implantation make the devices impractical when the optical mode is confined near the etched region. These losses are shown to be reduced by the local implantation and etching of silicon waveguides with iodine gas enhancement, followed by baking at 300 °C. The excess optical loss in the silicon waveguides drops from 3500 to 1700 dB/cm when iodine gas is used, and is further reduced to 200 dB/cm after baking at 300 °C. We present elemental and chemical surface analyses supporting that this is caused by the desorption of iodine from the silicon surface. Finally we present a model to extract the absorption coefficient from the measurements.
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81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning
52.77.Bn Etching and cleaning
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers

Microstructured surface design for omnidirectional antireflection coatings on solar cells

Weidong Zhou, Meng Tao, Li Chen, and Hongjun Yang

J. Appl. Phys. 102, 103105 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2817470 (9 pages) | Cited 33 times

Online Publication Date: 27 November 2007

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We recently demonstrated a new process for the formation of partially spherical structures as an omnidirectional antireflection coating (omni-AR). In this paper, we report the simulation results of the angular and spectral dependences of the total reflectivity on various microstructured surfaces based on the rigorous coupled-wave analysis. Close to zero reflection can be achieved in these microstructured surfaces over an extended spectral region for large ranges of light incident angles. The impact of feature size, density, shape, and refractive index has all been investigated. The experimental results agree reasonably well with the theoretical work. Such an omni-AR structure offers an attractive solution to current crystalline silicon solar cells, as well as future thin film, quantum dot, and organic solar cells.
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68.35.-p Solid surfaces and solid-solid interfaces: structure and energetics
84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)

Temporal characteristics of an optical soliton with distributed Raman amplification

Hongjun Zheng, Shanliang Liu, Xin Li, and Zhen Tian

J. Appl. Phys. 102, 103106 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2817478 (4 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 27 November 2007

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The effects of distributed Raman amplification (DRA) on temporal characteristics of an optical soliton that are numerically investigated by using the split-step Fourier method are compared with the experimental data measured by employing the second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating analyzer. It is found that the numerical results are consistent with the experimental data. DRA that can compensate the fiber loss does not change the temporal wave form of the soliton. The soliton width performs a various oscillation with propagation distance when considering the fiber loss and different Raman gain. Compensation of the fiber loss increases with the increase of the Raman pumping power.
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42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
42.81.Dp Propagation, scattering, and losses; solitons
42.65.Tg Optical solitons; nonlinear guided waves
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