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Journal of Applied Physics / Volume 101 / Issue 3 / NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND DESIGN

J. Appl. Phys. 101, 034316 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2435064 (10 pages)

Effect of cantilever nonlinearity in nanoscale tensile testing

Weiqiang Ding, Zaoyang Guo, and Rodney S. Ruoff

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208

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(Received 19 July 2006; accepted 8 December 2006; published online 14 February 2007)

Microcantilevers are widely used in micro-/nanoscale mechanics studies. The nonlinear response of a cantilever at large deflection is sometimes overlooked. A general study of cantilever beam nonlinearity under a variety of loading conditions was performed with analytical and finite element analyses. Analytical equations for the applied load and the cantilever deflection were obtained. The cantilever nonlinearity was found to increase with increasing cantilever deflection and/or angle of loading. Tensile tests were performed on templated carbon nanotubes (TCNTs) with a custom-made nanomanipulator inside a scanning electron microscope. Atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers were used to load the TCNTs and sense the force. During the tests the AFM cantilevers were loaded to relatively large deflections with nonvertical loads applied at the AFM tip. Based on the slope and the loading angle measurements, the breaking forces of the TCNTs were obtained through numerical integration of the analytical equations. A comparison was made between the load results obtained from linear and nonlinear analyses. The linear analysis was found to underestimate the applied load by up to 15%.

© 2007 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. EXPERIMENTS
  3. CANTILEVER DEFLECTION ANALYSIS
  4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
  5. DISCUSSION
    1. Nonlinearity of vertically loaded cantilever beam
    2. Nonlinearity of nonvertically loaded cantilever beam
    3. Comparison between FEA and analytical analysis
    4. Applications
  6. CONCLUSIONS

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

tensile testing, finite element analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, cantilevers, carbon nanotubes

PACS

  • 62.25.-g

    Mechanical properties of nanoscale systems

  • 81.70.Bt

    Mechanical testing, impact tests, static and dynamic loads

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2435064

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0021-8979 (print)  
1089-7550 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
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