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1 Aug 1939

Volume 10, Issue 8, pp. 525-596


Shall We Kill the Goose that Lays the Golden Eggs?

J. Appl. Phys. 10, 525 (1939); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1707337 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Sound Measurements in Industry

Ernest J. Abbott

J. Appl. Phys. 10, 526 (1939); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1707338 (6 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Resumés of Recent Research

J. Appl. Phys. 10, 532 (1939); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1707339 (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Applied Physics in the Bureau of Home Economics

Margaret B. Hays

J. Appl. Phys. 10, 537 (1939); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1707340 (6 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

The Nature of the Metallic State

William Shockley

J. Appl. Phys. 10, 543 (1939); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1707341 (13 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

Accessories for Spectrochemical Analysis

Stanley S. Ballard and Paul L. Gow

J. Appl. Phys. 10, 556 (1939); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1707342 (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2004

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Abstract Unavailable

An X‐Ray Investigation of Crystallinity in Rubber

S. D. Gehman and J. E. Field

J. Appl. Phys. 10, 564 (1939); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1707343 (9 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2004

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X‐ray diffraction evidence has shown that a crystalline structure can be produced in rubber by stretching or by freezing. In the former case, a fiber diagram is generally secured, in the latter, Debye‐Scherrer rings. When raw rubber was stretched to moderate elongations and frozen an intense fiber diagram was found, showing that the crystallization proceeded from nuclei set up by the stretching. A series of diffraction patterns illustrating the effect are reproduced. The geometrical conditions of stretching under which ``higher orientation'' occurs in stretched rubber were studied by photometric measurements of the relative densities of the first two equatorial spots. Graphs are included demonstrating the effect of variations in gauge, width, length and elongation of the specimens. Higher orientation occurs when the percent contraction in gauge exceeds the percent contraction in width. The different physical structures of vulcanized pure gum stocks became apparent in the ``higher orientation'' characteristics, although the same diffraction pattern was secured. A correlation of the results with current views on the micellar or secondary structure of rubber and the crystallization of supercooled liquids is attempted.

The Effects of Irradiation, Humidity and Sphere Material on the Sparkover Voltage of the Two‐Centimeter Sphere Gap

Arthur B. Lewis

J. Appl. Phys. 10, 573 (1939); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1707344 (5 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2004

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Data have been obtained on the sparkover voltage of the two‐centimeter sphere gap set at a gap of 4 mm (10.3‐kv peak) showing that: (1) The effect of irradiation is to reduce the sparkover voltage by approximately 2.5 percent from its unirradiated value and to decrease the scattering of individual observations by a factor of about four. This irradiation effect is readily saturated by an open, coredcarbon, arc at 50 cm from the gap. (2) The effect of humidity, which is apparently independent of the sphere material for the five metals used here, is to increase the sparkover voltage by +0.13 percent per mm (of mercury) increase in vapor pressure of the water in the atmosphere. (3) There seems to be no choice between the metals used for spheres (aluminum, brass, chromium, nickel and steel) so far as repeatability of results is concerned, the probable error of a day's results averaging ±0.28 percent. This probable error can be largely if not wholly accounted for in terms of known sources of uncertainty. (4) The final sparkover voltages for the various metals, even when corrected to the same humidity, differ from each other by far more than can be accounted for by any definitely recognized source of uncertainty.

The Thermal Distribution and Temperature Gradient in the Arc Welding of Oil Well Casing

W. A. Bruce

J. Appl. Phys. 10, 578 (1939); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1707345 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2004

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The problem studied here is the thermal distribution due to a number of moving heat sources. It is assumed that the pipe is a circular cylinder and that the welders move on a circle of the cylinder. The Kelvin method for determining the thermal distribution about a stationary source of heat is extended to a case in which the source of heat is moving with a constant velocity. By integration of the effect of stationary sources the general effect of a moving welder is obtained. It is shown that an infinite plate with an infinite number of sources on a line and w cm apart is equivalent to an infinite cylindrical shell with n = c∕w sources spaced w cm apart around the cylinder (c = circumference). With the aid of this and Kelvin's solution it is possible to build a complete general solution of the problem. This method of constructing the solution of a heat problem has many practical applications—such as the determination of thermal distributions in the welding of plates, seamed pipe and other bounded objects.

Convection and Conduction of Heat in Gases

I. Brody and F. Kőrösy

J. Appl. Phys. 10, 584 (1939); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1707346 (13 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 13 April 2004

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The diameter of the ``Langmuir film'' (b) around warm filaments in gases was at first determined by Langmuir's own method in A, Kr and N2. The calculated film thickness beside a plane surface is 3.3 mm, 1.4 mm and 4.3 mm, respectively. The said diameter was then redefined as the distance of thermal interaction between two similar, warm filaments; temperature measurements revealed that this conventional definition corresponds to the 90°C isothermals. b is a linear function of the temperature; bt = b1000[1+(t−1000) ⋅0,000255] and b1000 decreases with increasing molecular weight of the gases. b decreases with increasing gas pressure: b∕b1= (p1∕p)0.42 and it increases somewhat slower with the diameter of the filament (a) than would correspond to the equation of Langmuir: 2B = b ⋅ ln b∕a. The detailed temperature field around warm filaments was determined under varied conditions. Evidence was gathered, that although 90 percent of the wattage lost can be accounted for by assuming pure conduction, the gas is definitely moving upwards within the film as well as outside of it.
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