The 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics

2012 Nobel Prize Winners, Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland Represented in AIP Journals     The 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to Serge Haroche of Collège de France and Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris, France, and David J. Wineland of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and University of Colorado Boulder, Colo., USA "for groundbreaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems. In the quantum world, the general understanding is that to measure a single quantum particle will destroy that particle. These two researchers took different approaches to solve this unique quantum problem, and their efforts have resulted in direct observation of single quantum particles without destroying them. Both researchers took advantage of the concept of quantum decoupling, whereby a single particle appears to exhibit wavefunction collapse. Haroche's method required trapping photons and measuring their quantum properties by sending Rydberg atoms –atoms with highly-excited yet still bound electrons-- through the trap. The atom coupled to the phase of the photon and could be measured in a second cavity. Wineland approached the problem from the other direction, trapping electrically charged atoms in their lowest combined electronic and external trap states. Once in these low-energy states, the ions were strongly coupled, so any change in superposition of electronic and trap states propagated through the group of ions, rendering the system measureable without destruction. The results of this work have led to highly precise atomic clocks and provides a foundation that may one day make quantum computing a reality. Credit: A version of an ionic trap used by Dr. Wineland in the coupling of photons to Rydberg atoms, rendering measureable the quantum mechanical properties of the atoms themselves. Credit: The photonic coupling cavity, dubbed the ‘ultrahigh finesse Fabry-Pérot superconducting resonator’ developed by Dr. Haroche in pursuit of non-destructively measuring quantum mechanical properties of single photons.

AIP journal articles by Serge Haroche:

Ultrahigh finesse Fabry-Pérot superconducting resonator
S. Kuhr, S. Gleyzes, C. Guerlin, J. Bernu, U. B. Hoff, S. Deléglise, S. Osnaghi, M. Brune, J.-M. Raimond, S. Haroche, E. Jacques, P. Bosland, and B. Visentin
Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 164101 (2007)

Single atom index effects on mesoscopic fields in a cavity
S. Haroche, A. Auffeves, T. Meunier, P. Maioli, S. Gleyzes, G. Nogues, M. Brune, and J. M. Raimond
AIP Conf. Proc. 770, 184 (2005)

Step by step engineered entanglement with atoms and photons in a cavity
Serge Haroche, Gilles Nogues, Arno Rauschenbeutel, Stefano Osnaghi, Patrice Bertet, Michel Brune, and Jean-Michel Raimond
AIP Conf. Proc. 551, 143 (2001)

Atoms and cavities: Explorations of quantum entanglement
J. M. Raimond, E. Hagley, X. Maître, G. Nogues, C. Wunderlich, M. Brune, and S. Haroche
AIP Conf. Proc. 477, 209 (1999)

Mesoscopic entanglement in cavity QED experiments
M. Brune, J. M. Raimond, and S. Haroche
AIP Conf. Proc. 461, 144 (1999)

Cavity quantum electrodynamics: a review of Rydberg atom-microwave experiments on entanglement and decoherence
Serge Haroche
AIP Conf. Proc. 464, 45 (1993)

Manipulating quantum fields with a single atom in a cavity
Serge Haroche
AIP Conf. Proc. 329, 30 (1995)

Measuring and Manipulating Quantum Fields in a Cavity by Atom Interferometry
J. M. Raimond, M. Brune, S. Haroche, F. Schmidt-Kaler, L. Davidovich, and N. Zagury
AIP Conf. Proc. 323, 297 (1994)

Measurement of the van der Waals interaction between an atom and a cavity
E. A. Hinds, V. Sandoghdar, C. I. Sukenik, and Serge Haroche
AIP Conf. Proc. 275, 276 (1993)

Atomic motion in the field of a few photons stored in a high Q cavity and matter-wave interferometry
S. Haroche, M. Brune, and J. M. Raimond
AIP Conf. Proc. 275, 261 (1993)

Radiative shifts in cavity QED and their use in quantum nondemolition measurement of small photon number fields
S. Haroche, M. Brune, and J. M. Raimond
AIP Conf. Proc. 233, 204 (1991)

Small and sensitive systems interacting with millimeter and submillimeter waves: Rydberg atoms in a cavity
P. Goy, J. M. Raimond, S. Haroche, and M. Gross
J. Appl. Phys. 56, 627 (1984)

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AIP journal articles by David J. Wineland:

Scalable arrays of rf Paul traps in degenerate Si
J. Britton, D. Leibfried, J. A. Beall, R. B. Blakestad, J. H. Wesenberg, and D. J. Wineland
Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 173102 (2009)

Trapped Atomic Ions and Quantum Information Processing
D. J. Wineland et al.
AIP Conf. Proc. 869, 103 (2006)

Spectroscopy of atomic and molecular ions using quantum logic
P. O. Schmidt, T. Rosenband, J. C. J. Koelemeij, D. B. Hume, W. M. Itano, J. C. Bergquist, and D. J. Wineland
AIP Conf. Proc. 862, 305 (2006)

Quantum Information Processing with Trapped Ions
M. D. Barrett et al.
AIP Conf. Proc. 770, 350 (2005)

Scalable entanglement of trapped ions
C. Monroe et al.
AIP Conf. Proc. 551, 173 (2001)

Crystalline order in laser-cooled, non-neutral ion plasmas
J. J. Bollinger, T. B. Mitchell, X.-P. Huang, W. M. Itano, J. N. Tan, B. M. Jelenkovi, and D. J. Wineland
Phys. Plasmas 7, 7 (2000)

Crystalline order in strongly coupled ion plasmas
T. B. Mitchell, J. J. Bollinger, X.-P. Huang, W. M. Itano, J. N. Tan, B. M. Jelenkovic, and D. J. Wineland
AIP Conf. Proc. 498, 353 (1999)

Atomic ion crystals in non-neutral plasmas
J. J. Bollinger, T. B. Mitchell, X.-P. Huang, W. M. Itano, J. N. Tan, B. M. Jelenkovic, and D. J. Wineland
AIP Conf. Proc. 477, 87 (1999)

High-resolution, high-accuracy spectroscopy of trapped ions
D. J. Berkeland, J. D. Miller, F. C. Cruz, B. C. Young, R. J. Rafac, X.-P. Huang, W. M. Itano, J. C. Bergquist, and D. J. Wineland
AIP Conf. Proc. 477, 29 (1999)

Quantum logic with a few trapped ions
C. Monroe, W. M. Itano, D. Kielpinski, B. E. King, D. Leibfried, C. J. Myatt, Q. A. Turchette, D. J. Wineland, and C. S. Wood
AIP Conf. Proc. 457, 378 (1999)

Lasers for an optical frequency standard using trapped Hg+ ions
Brenton C. Young, Flavio C. Cruz, Dana J. Berkeland, Robert J. Rafac, James C. Bergquist, Wayne M. Itano, and David J. Wineland
AIP Conf. Proc. 457, 337 (1999)

Crystalline order in strongly coupled plasmas
J. J. Bollinger, T. B. Mitchell, X.-P. Huang, W. M. Itano, J. N. Tan, B. M. Jelenkovic, and D. J. Wineland
AIP Conf. Proc. 457, 295 (1999)

Minimization of ion micromotion in a Paul trap
D. J. Berkeland, J. D. Miller, J. C. Bergquist, W. M. Itano, and D. J. Wineland
J. Appl. Phys. 83, 5025 (1998)

Cryogenic linear ion trap for accurate spectroscopy
M. E. Poitzsch, J. C. Bergquist, W. M. Itano, and D. J. Wineland
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 129 (1996)

Laser-cooled trapped-ion experiments at NIST
Joseph N. Tan, J. J. Bollinger, A. S. Barton, and D. J. Wineland
AIP Conf. Proc. 331, 215 (1995)

Non-neutral ion plasmas and crystals, laser cooling, and atomic clocks
J. J. Bollinger, D. J. Wineland, and Daniel H. E. Dubin
Phys. Plasmas 1, 1403 (1994)

Interference in the resonance fluorescence of two trapped atoms
U. Eichmann, J. C. Bergquist, J. J. Bollinger, J. M. Gilligan, W. M. Itano, M. G. Raizen, and D. J. Wineland
AIP Conf. Proc. 290, 43 (1993)

Atomic physics tests of nonlinear quantum mechanics
J. J. Bollinger, D. J. Heinzen, Wayne M. Itano, S. L.
Gilbert, and D. J. Wineland
AIP Conf.Proc. 233, 461 (1991)

Liquid and solid atomic ion plasmas
J. J. Bollinger, S. L. Gilbert, D. J. Heinzen, W. M. Itano, and D. J. Wineland
AIP Conf. Proc. 206, 152 (1990)

Liquid and solid ion plasmas
D. J. Wineland, Wayne M. Itano, J. C. Bergquist, S. L. Gilbert, J. J. Bollinger, and F. Ascarrunz
AIP Conf. Proc. 175, 93 (1988)

Quantum optics experiments with a single ion
R. G. Hulet, J. C. Bergquist, W. M. Itano, J. J. Bollinger, C. H. Manney, and D. J. Wineland
AIP Conf. Proc. 172, 298 (1988)

Laser-to-microwave frequency division using synchrotron radiation
D. J. Wineland
J. Appl. Phys. 50, 2528 (1979)

Two-frequency excitation for the Ramsey separated oscillatory field method
Stephen Jarvis, Jr., David J. Wineland, and Helmut Hellwig
J. Appl. Phys. 48, 5336 (1977)

High mass resolution with a new variable anharmonicity Penning trap
R. S. Van Dyck, Jr., D. J. Wineland, P. A. Ekstrom, and H. G. Dehmelt
Appl. Phys. Lett. 28, 446 (1976)

Principles of the stored ion calorimeter
D. J. Wineland and H. G. Dehmelt
J. Appl. Phys. 46, 919 (1975)

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