Citation Format

Beginning with Vol. 97, issue 1 (1 January 2005), Journal of Applied Physics (JAP) switched from a citation format based on page numbers to one based on six-character citation identifiers (CIDs). At the same time, JAP began publishing issues online in an article-at-a-time publication mode. The CID chosen for Journal of Applied Physics is similar to that used by Physical Review. Use of CIDs in place of traditional page numbers allows an issue to build online one article at a time while retaining the ability to segment tables of contents by article type or subject area; this accelerates online publication of articles, which are published online individually as soon as author proof corrections are incorporated. Utilization of CIDs also allows articles to be fully citable as soon as they are published online, using the same identifier for both online and print versions.

The structure of the six-character citation identifier for JAP is defined as follows:

  • first two characters (01–12):
  • indicate the issue number
  • middle two characters (01–99 & A1–Z9):
  • indicate the article type and/or subject area
  • last two characters (01–99):
  • assigned according to publication order, within that issue and section

    Note that JAP's CID will contain alphanumeric combinations in the middle two characters (of the form A1, A2, A3, etc.) for conference proceedings papers only; for regular papers, purely numeric CIDs will be used:

     

    Example:

    An example of the correct citation format for an article in Journal of Applied Physics is:

    A. Smith and B. Jones, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 024507 (2005).

    In this fictitious example, the article by Smith and Jones was published in JAP in Issue 2 of Volume 97, as the seventh article published in section 45, which for JAP Vol. 97 is, "Device Physics."

    In the full-text PDF file available online and in the printed article, the CID appears on each printed page. Appended at the end of the CID is a hyphen followed by a consecutive page number. For the sample article above, the printed pages would carry this page numbering: 024507-1, 024507-2, 024507-3, etc. The hyphen and additional digits should not be used when citing or searching for an article.

    Definitions of this journal's current article type and subject area code numbers (the middle two characters of the CID) can be accessed through the links below.

    Article Type and/or Subject Area Code Numbers

    Volumes 107 & 108 (2010)

    The structure of the six-character citation identifier for JAP is defined as follows:

    Definitions of this journal's article type and subject area code numbers (the middle two digits of the Citation Identifier) for Vols. 107 & 108 (2010) appear below:

    Code Section Heading
    02ANNOUNCEMENTS
    04EDITORIALS
    11APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS-FOCUSED REVIEW
    13APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
    17–18 SPECIAL TOPIC: INVITED PAPERS FROM THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISCALE MATERIALS MODELING, TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA, USA, 2008
    19-20 SPECIAL TOPIC: PAPERS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY AND NANOSCALE PHENOMENA IN POLAR MATERIALS, AVEIRO, PORTUGAL, 2009
    27-28 SPECIAL TOPIC: INVITED PAPERS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FLEXIBLE AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS, JEJU ISLAND, KOREA, 2009
      ARTICLES
    31Lasers, Optics, and Optoelectronics
    33Plasmas and Electrical Discharges
    35Structural, Mechanical, Thermodynamic, and Optical Properties of Condensed Matter
    37Electronic Structure and Transport
    39Magnetism and Superconductivity
    41Dielectrics and Ferroelectricity
    43Nanoscale Science and Design
    45Devices Physics
    47Applied Biophysics
    49Interdisciplinary and General Physics
    61COMMUNICATIONS
    99ERRATA
    A1PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH JOINT MMM-INTERMAG CONFERENCE, WASHINGTON, DC, 2010
    A3Soft Magnetic Materials and Domains
    A5Ferrites, Garnets, and Microwave Materials
    A7Hard Magnetic Materials
    A9Magneto-Optic, Magnetoelastic, and Magnetocaloric Materials
    B1Half-Metallic Ferromagnets
    B3Biomagnetism, Biosensing, and Biological Applications
    B5Nanoparticle Arrays, Nanostructures, Magnetic Fluids, and Separation
    B7Magnetic Recording, Heads and Media, Magneto-Optic Recording
    B9Patterned Structures
    C1Thin Films, Multilayer Films, Superlattices, and Surface Effects
    C3Magnetic Semiconductors
    C5Spin-Dependent Properties and Spin Manipulation for Spintronics
    C7Magnetic Tunnel Junctions, TMR
    C9Spin Torque
    D1Spin Dynamics, Damping, and Relaxation
    D3Micromagnetics, Magnetization Processes, Wall Dynamics, and Imaging
    D5Domain Wall Devices
    D7Magnetic Oxides, CMR, and Exchange Bias
    D9Multiferroics
    E1Critical Phenomena, Superconductivity, Correlated Systems, Electronic Structure
    E3New Magnetic Materials, Devices, Instrumentation and Applications
    E5Magnetotransport, GMR, Hall Effect
    E7Magnetic Sensors, MEMS, Power, High-Frequency Devices
    E9Motors, Actuators, Transformers, Electrical Machines

    Article Type and/or Subject Area Code Numbers

    Volumes 105 & 106 (2009)

    The structure of the six-character citation identifier for JAP is defined as follows:

    Definitions of this journal’s article type and subject area code numbers (the middle two digits of the Citation Identifier) for Vols. 105 & 106 (2009) appear below:

    Code Section Heading
    02 ANNOUNCEMENTS
    04 EDITORIALS
    11 APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS–FOCUSED REVIEW
    13 APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
    15–16 SPECIAL TOPIC: SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS, BIOPOLIS, SINGAPORE, JUNE 2008
    19–20 SPECIAL TOPIC: APPLIED BIOPHYSICS
    23–24 SPECIAL TOPIC: PLENARY AND INVITED PAPERS FROM THE 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL, 2008
    31 LASERS, OPTICS, AND OPTOELECTRONICS
    33 PLASMAS AND ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES
    35 STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, THERMODYNAMIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED MATTER
    37 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT
    39 MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
    41 DIELECTRICS AND FERROELECTRICITY
    43 NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND DESIGN
    45 DEVICE PHYSICS
    47 APPLIED BIOPHYSICS
    49 INTERDISCIPLINARY AND GENERAL PHYSICS
    61 COMMUNICATIONS
    99 ERRATA
    A1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 53RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
    A3 Soft Magnetic Materials and Domains
    A5 Ferrites, Garnets, and Microwave Materials
    A7 Hard Magnetic Materials
    A9 Magneto-Optic, Magneto-Elastic, and Magneto-Caloric Materials
    B1 Half-Metallic Ferromagnets
    B3 Biomagnetism and Biological Applications
    B5 Nanoparticle Arrays, Nanostructures, Magnetic Fluids, and Separation
    B7 Magnetic Recording, Heads and Media
    B9 Magneto-Optic Recording and Alternative Magnetic Storage
    C1 Patterned Structures
    C3 Thin Films, Multilayer Films, Superlattices, and Surface Effects
    C5 Magnetic Semiconductors
    C7 Spin Dependent Properties and Spin Manipulation for Spintronics
    C9 Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
    D1 Spin Torque
    D3 Spin Dynamics and Relaxation
    D5 Micromagnetics, Magnetization Processes, Wall Dynamics, and Imaging
    D7 Magnetic Oxides, CMR, and Exchange Bias
    D9 Multiferroics
    E1 Spin Glasses, Low-Dimensional and Strongly Correlated Systems
    E3 Critical Phenomena, Superconductivity, Molecular Magnets, Correlated Systems
    E5 Electronic Structure, Itinerant Magnetism
    E7 New Magnetic Materials, Devices, Instrumentation and Applications
    E9 Magnetotransport, GMR, Hall Effect
    F1 Motors and Actuators

    Article Type and/or Subject Area Code Numbers

    Volumes 103 & 104 (2008)

    The structure of the six-character citation identifier for JAP is defined as follows:

    Definitions of this journal’s article type and subject area code numbers (the middle two digits of the Citation Identifier) for Vols. 103 & 104 (2008) appear below:

    Code Section Heading
    02 ANNOUNCEMENTS
    04 EDITORIALS
    11 APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS–FOCUSED REVIEW
    13 APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
    31 LASERS, OPTICS, AND OPTOELECTRONICS
    33 PLASMAS AND ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES
    35 STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, THERMODYNAMIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED MATTER
    37 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT
    39 MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
    41 DIELECTRICS AND FERROELECTRICITY
    43 NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND DESIGN
    45 DEVICE PHYSICS
    47 APPLIED BIOPHYSICS
    49 INTERDISCIPLINARY AND GENERAL PHYSICS
    61 COMMUNICATIONS
    99 ERRATA
    A1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 52ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
    A3 Biomagnetism and Biological Applications
    A5 Spin Torque
    A7 Spin Dependent Properties and Spin Manipulation for Spintronics
    A9 Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
    B1 Spin Dynamics and Relaxation
    B3 Magneto-Optic, Magneto-Elastic, and Magneto-Caloric Materials
    B5 Ultrathin Films, Multilayer Films, Superlattices, and Surface Effects
    B7 Spin Glasses, Low-Dimensional and Strongly Correlated Systems
    B9 Quantum and Molecular Magnets
    C1 Exchange Bias
    C3 Plenary Session
    C5 Patterned Structures
    C7 Critical Phenomena, Superconductivity, Strongly Correlated Systems
    C9 Electronic Structure, Itinerant Magnetism
    D1 Magnetic Semiconductors
    D3 Magneto-Optic Recording and Alternative Magnetic Storage
    D5 Nanoparticle Arrays, Nanostructures, Magnetic Fluids, and Separation
    D7 Half-Metallic Ferromagnets
    D9 Magnetization Processes, Wall Dynamics, Characterization, and Imaging
    E1 Hard Magnetic Materials
    E3 Multiferroics
    E5 Ferrites, Garnets, and Microwave Materials
    E7 Soft Magnetic Materials and Domains
    E9 New Magnetic Materials, Devices, Instrumentation and Applications
    F1 Motors and Actuators
    F3 Magnetotransport, GMR, Hall Effect
    F5 Magnetic Recording, Heads and Media
    F7 Magnetic Oxides

    Article Type and/or Subject Area Code Numbers

    Volumes 101 & 102 (2007)

    The structure of the six-character citation identifier for JAP is defined as follows:

    Definitions of this journal's article type and subject area code numbers (the middle two characters of the Citation Identifier) for Vols. 101 & 102 (2007) appear below:

    Code Section Heading
    02 ANNOUNCEMENTS
    04 EDITORIALS
    11 APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS–FOCUSED REVIEW
    13 APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
    16–17 SPECIAL TOPIC: PLENARY AND INVITED PAPERS FROM THE 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, VIENNA, AUSTRIA, 2006
    31 LASERS, OPTICS, AND OPTOELECTRONICS
    33 PLASMAS AND ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES
    35 STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, THERMODYNAMIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED MATTER
    37 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT
    39 MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
    41 DIELECTRICS AND FERROELECTRICITY
    43 NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND DESIGN
    45 DEVICE PHYSICS
    47 APPLIED BIOPHYSICS
    49 INTERDISCIPLINARY AND GENERAL PHYSICS
    61 COMMUNICATIONS
    99 ERRATA
    A1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH JOINT MMM/INTERMAG CONFERENCE
    A5 Spin Torque
    B1 Spin Dependent Properties and Spin Manipulation for Spintronics
    B5 Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
    C1 Spin Dynamics and Relaxation
    C5 Magneto-Optic, Magneto-Elastic, and Magneto-Caloric Materials
    D1 Ultrathin Films, Multilayer Films, Superlattices, and Surface Effects
    D5 Spin Glasses, Low-Dimensional and Strongly Correlated Systems
    E1 Quantum and Molecular Magnets
    E5 Exchange Bias
    F1 Plenary Session
    F5 Patterned Structures
    G1 Critical Phenomena, Superconductivity, Strongly Correlated Systems
    G5 Electronic Structure, Itinerant Magnetism
    H1 Oxide Magnetic Semiconductors
    H5 Magneto-Optic Recording and Alternative Magnetic Storage
    J1 Nanoparticle Arrays, Magnetic Fluids, and Separation
    J5 Half-Metallic Ferromagnets
    K1 Magnetization Processes, Wall Dynamics, Characterization, and Imaging
    K5 Hard Magnetic Materials
    M1 Multiferroics
    M5 Ferrites, Garnets, and Microwave Materials
    N1 Soft Magnetic Materials and Domains
    N5 New Magnetic Materials

    Article Type and/or Subject Area Code Numbers

    Volumes 99 & 100 (2006)

    The structure of the six-character citation identifier for JAP is defined as follows:

    Definitions of this journal's article type and subject area code numbers (the middle two characters of the Citation Identifier) for Vols. 99 & 100 (2006) appear below:

    Code Section Heading
    11 APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS–FOCUSED REVIEW
    13 APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
    15–16 SPECIAL TOPIC: SCIENCE OF FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS AND APPLICATION TO DEVICES
    31 LASERS, OPTICS, AND OPTOELECTRONICS
    33 PLASMAS AND ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES
    35 STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, THERMODYNAMIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED MATTER
    37 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT
    39 MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
    41 DIELECTRICS AND FERROELECTRICITY
    43 NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND DESIGN
    45 DEVICE PHYSICS
    47 APPLIED BIOPHYSICS
    49 INTERDISCIPLINARY AND GENERAL PHYSICS
    61 COMMUNICATIONS
    99 ERRATA
    A1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 50TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETISM & MAGNETIC MATERIALS
    A3 Tutorial on Novel Techniques for Material Characterization
    A5 Symposium on Pico- and Subpico-Second Control of Magnetism
    A7 Complex Magnetic Oxides: Cobaltites and Phase Separation
    A9 MgO-Based Magnetic Tunneling Junctions
    B1 Patterned Arrays
    B3 Magnetic Sensors (Not for Recording)
    B5 Rare Earth Permanent Magnets
    B7 Recording Head Materials and Domains
    B9 Microscopic Magnetization Processes: Simulations and Methods
    C1 Exchange Bias
    C3 Nanoparticle Arrays
    C5 Giant Magnetoimpedance, AMR, and Hall Effect
    C7 Spin Dynamics and FMR in Magnetic Nanostructures
    C9 Multilayer Films and Superlattices
    D1 Molecular Magnets: Microwave Absorption and Emission
    D3 Interfaces and Surfaces
    D5 Magnetic Semiconductors
    D7 Hysteresis Modeling
    D9 Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques
    E1 50TH Anniversary Plenary Session
    E3 Symposium on Magnetic and Ferroelectronic Properties in Rare-Earth Oxides
    E5 Spin Polarized Tunneling and Interfaces
    E7 Perpendicular Media
    E9 L10 and Other Hard Magnetic Materials
    F1 Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Soft Materials
    F3 Magnetization Dynamics
    F5 Itinerant Magnetism
    F7 Spin Glass/Low Dimensional Magnets/Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
    F9 Thin Film Media and Magneto-Optical Recording
    G1 Micromagnetic Simulations
    G3 Patterned Nanostructures: Domain Dynamics and New Fabrication Techniques
    G5 Spin Transfer Torque
    G7 Magnetic Nanoparticles
    G9 Thin Film and Patterned Media
    H1 Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
    H3 Magnetic Microscopy and Imaging
    H5 Spin Glasses and One-Dimensional Magnets
    H7 Magnetoelectronic Devices
    H9 Electromagnetic Computations and Hysteresis Modeling
    J1 Half-Metallics
    J3 Metallic Magnets, Magnetization Dynamics
    J5 Molecular Magnets, Multiferroics, and Other Advanced Materials
    J7 Ultrathin Films and Epitaxy
    J9 Symposium on Semiconductor Spintronics: Physics and Applications
    K1 Symposium on Biomagnetics Applications
    K3 Half Metallic and Oxide Based Ferromagnetic Junctions
    K5 Recording Modeling, Systems and Theory
    K7 Magnetic Tunneling Junction Based Devices
    K9 Magnetocaloric Materials
    M1 Oxide Magnetic Semiconductors
    M3 Soft Films and Crystalline Materials
    M5 Superconductivity
    M7 Magneto-Optical and Magnetoelastic Materials
    M9 Ferrites, Garnets, and Microwave Materials
    N1 Head-Media Interface and Tribology
    N3 Hard Magnetic Thin Films for MEMS
    N5 Ultrathin Films
    N7 Magnetic Nanoparticles and Synthesis
    N9 Magnetic Memory and Elements
    P1 Biosensors and Bead Manipulation
    P3 Magnetic Semiconductors, Multiferroics, and Other New Magnetic Materials
    P5 New Applications, Levitation, Shielding, and Microwave Devices
    P7 Strongly Correlated System/Nuclear Spins in Semiconductors
    P9 Fundamental Magnetism
    Q1 Magnetic Refrigerant Materials
    Q3 Complex Oxides
    Q5 Magnetic Nanowires and Nanostructures
    Q7 Symposium on the Theory of Spin Transfer Effects
    Q9 Novel Perpendicular Media and Soft Underlayers
    R1 Magnetoelastic Materials
    R3 Magnetic Motors
    R5 Spin Valves
    R7 Magnetoresistive Heads and Magnetic Memory
    R9 Biomagnetic and Electronic Devices
    S1 Biomagnetism and Chemical Magnetism
    S3 Heads and Longitudinal Recording
    S5 Fabrication and Characterization of Magnetic Nanostructures and Devices
    S7 Spin Injection
    S9 Complex Magnetic Oxides
    T1 GMR and Spin Transport
    T3 Spin Dependent Tunneling and Transport

    Article Type and/or Subject Area Code Numbers

    Volumes 97 & 98 (2005)

    The structure of the six-character citation identifier for JAP is defined as follows:

    Definitions of this journal's article type and subject area code numbers (the middle two characters of the Citation Identifier) for Vols. 97 & 98 (2005) appear below:

    Code Section Heading
    11 APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS–FOCUSED REVIEW
    13 APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
    31 LASERS, OPTICS, AND OPTOELECTRONICS
    33 PLASMAS AND ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES
    35 STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, THERMODYNAMIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED MATTER
    37 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT
    39 MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
    41 DIELECTRICS AND FERROELECTRICITY
    43 NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND DESIGN
    45 DEVICE PHYSICS
    47 APPLIED BIOPHYSICS
    49 INTERDISCIPLINARY AND GENERAL PHYSICS
    61 COMMUNICATIONS
    99 ERRATA
    A1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 49TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETISM & MAGNETIC MATERIALS
    A3 Electronic Structure and Itinerant Magnetism
    A5 Critical Phenomena and Spin Glasses
    A7 Spin Dynamics and Relaxation
    A9 Strongly Correlated Systems
    B1 Superconductivity
    B3 Low-Dimensional Systems
    C1 Magnetoresistive Oxides and CMR
    C3 Half-Metallics
    C5 Giant Magnetoresistance and Spin Valves
    C7 Spin Transfer Effects
    C9 Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
    D1 Control of Magnetism in Semiconductors
    D3 Ferromagnetic Semiconductors
    D5 Devices
    E1 Computational Magnetism
    E3 Micromagnetics
    E5 Hysteresis Modeling
    E7 Magnetic Microscopy and Imaging
    F1 Ferrites, Garnets, and Other Microwave Materials
    F3 High Anisotropy Materials
    F5 Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Soft Magnetic Materials
    F7 Domains
    F9 Soft Magnetic Materials
    G1 Soft Materials: Nanoparticles and Thin Films
    H1 Rare Earth-Transition Metal Materials
    H3 FePt: Magnetic Media and Beyond
    H5 Films and Interfaces
    H7 Manganites
    J1 Multilayer Films and Superlattices
    J3 Nanoparticles and Particle Arrays
    J5 Patterned Arrays: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties
    J7 Patterned Films
    J9 Patterned Nanostructures: Dynamics and Transport
    K1 Exchange Bias
    K3 Nanocomposites and High Anisotropy Materials
    M1 Magnetoelectronic Materials: Transport and Optics
    M3 Special Materials: Magneto-Optic, Magnetocaloric, and Magnetoelastic Materials
    M5 Special Materials: Molecular Magnets and New Magnetic Materials
    N1 Thin Film and Patterned Media
    N3 Thin Film Soft Magnetic Materials
    N5 Perpendicular Magnetic Recording
    N7 Magnetoresistive Heads
    N9 Inductive Recording Heads
    P1 Recording Modeling, Systems, and Theory
    P3 Head-Media Interface and Tribology
    P5 Magnetic Memory and Elements
    P7 Alternative Magnetic Storage, Magneto-Optics, and ME Tape"
    Q1 Sensors, Microwaves, and Other Applications
    Q3 Magnetic Fluids and Sensors
    Q5 Motor Design
    Q7 Transformers and Inductors
    Q9 Biomagnetism and Biological Applications
    R1 Magnetic Particles in Biological Applications
    R3 Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques
    R5 New Applications and Instrumentation


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